A facilitator is someone who helps a group of people understand their common objectives and assists them to plan to achieve them without taking a particular position in the discussion. The facilitator will try to assist the group in achieving a consensus on any disagreements that preexist or emerge in the meeting so that it has a strong basis for future action. The role has been likened to that of a midwife who assists in the process of birth but is not the producer of the end result.

引導員為協助一群人瞭解他們共同的目標並不在討論中扮演特定角色以協助他們計畫與達成目標的角色。引導員會嘗試協助團體在已存的或會議中產生的異議達成共識，故對未來的行動有著有力的基礎。 這個角色曾被比擬為協助生育過程但並非結果產生者的助產士。

Definitions


There are a variety of definitions for facilitator:

引導員有幾種不同的定義:

  • "An individual who enables groups and organizatons to work more effectively; to collaborate and achieve synergy. She or he is a 'content neutral' party who by not taking sides or expressing or advocating a point of view during the meeting, can advocate for fair, open, and inclusive procedures to accomplish the group's work" - Doyle[1]


一個使團體或組織能夠運作的更有效率使合作並達到協力的人。 她或他是個在會議中藉由不選邊站或表達提倡特定觀點已達到內在中性的一方，能提倡公平，公開，整體步驟使達成團體的工作。 - Doyle[1]

"One who contributes structure and process to interactions so groups are able to function effectively and make high-quality decisions. A helper and enabler whose goal is to support others as they achieve exceptional performance" - Bens[2]

一個能對互動貢獻架構與過程如此團體能夠有效率的運作並做出高品質的決策的人。 一個目標在當他人達到優秀績效時支持他人的協助者及能力賦予者。 -Bens[2]

  • "The facilitator's job is to support everyone to do their best thinking and practice. To do this, the facilitator encourages full participation, promotes mutual understanding and cultivates shared responsibility. By supporting everyone to do their best thinking, a facilitator enables group members to search for inclusive solutions and build sustainable agreements" - Kaner[3]


引導員的工作在於支持每一個人盡他們所能的思考與實踐。為了如此，引導員鼓勵完整的參與，表揚共同的理解加強共同承擔的責任。 藉由支持每個人進行他們最好的思考，引導員使團體成員能夠尋找整體的解決方案，並建立能夠維持的協議。Kaner[3]

Types

Business facilitators

Business facilitators work in business, and other formal organisations but facilitators may also work with a variety of other groups and communities. It is a tenet of facilitation that the facilitator will not lead the group towards the answer that he/she thinks is best even if they possess an opinion on the subject matter. The facilitator's roles is to make it easier for the group to arrive at its own answer, decision, or deliverable.

 

Training facilitators

Training facilitators are used in adult education. These facilitators are not always subject experts, and attempt to draw on the existing knowledge of the participant, and to then facilitate access to training where gaps in knowledge are identified and agreed on. Training facilitators focus on the foundations of adult education: establish existing knowledge, build on it and keep it relevant. The role is different from a trainer with subject expertise. Such a person will take a more leading role and take a group through an agenda designed to transmit a body of knowledge or a set of skills to be acquired.

[edit] Skills

The basic skills of a facilitator are about following good meeting practices: timekeeping, following an agreed-upon agenda, and keeping a clear record. The higher-order skills involve watching the group and its individuals in light of group dynamics.

引導員的基本技能是關於遵從良好的會議實務: 時間控制，遵從同意過的議程，保持清楚的紀錄。 更高階的技能包含以團體動能的光觀察團體與其中的個人。

In addition, facilitators also need a variety of listening skills including ability to paraphrase; stack a conversation; draw people out; balance participation; and make space for more reticent group members (Kaner, et al., 1996).

除此之外，引導員還需要廣泛的聆聽技能，諸如演繹的能力，

It is critical to the facilitator's role to have the knowledge and skill to be able to intervene in a way that adds to the group's creativity rather than taking away from it.

A successful facilitator embodies respect for others and a watchful awareness of the many layers of reality in a human group.

In the event that a consensus cannot be reached then the facilitator would assist the group in understanding the differences that divide it.

The International Association of Facilitators was founded in 1993 to promote facilitation as a profession.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Michael Doyle, quoted in Kaner, et al., 2007, p. xiii.
  2. ^ Bens, 2000, p. 5.
  3. ^ Sam Kaner and colleagues (2007) p. 32.

[edit] Bibliography

[edit] External links

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