狂傲的風…瘋狂之島

作者 Iamaidiot (雜種...那又怎樣) 看板 politics
標題 [情報] 一篇關於版友討論時常犯錯誤的文章
時間 Fri Sep 3 13:15:37 2004


The person presenting an argument is attacked instead of the argument itself.

This takes many forms. For example,the person's character, nationality or
religion may be attacked.

Alternatively, it may be pointed out that a person
stands to gain from a favourable outcome.

Or, finally, a person may be attacked
by association, or by the company he keeps.

ad hominem (abusive): instead of attacking an assertion, the argument attacks
the person who made the assertion.

ad hominem (circumstantial): instead of attacking an assertion the author
points to the relationship between the person making the assertion and the
person's circumstances.

ad hominem (tu quoque): this form of attack on the person notes that a person
does not practise what he preaches.

Examples:
You may argue that God doesn't exist, but you are just following a fad. (ad
hominem abusive)

We should discount what Premier Klein says about taxation because he won't be
hurt by the increase. (ad hominem circumstantial)

We should disregard Share B.C.'s argument because they are being funded by the
logging industry. (ad hominem circumstantial)

You say I shouldn't drink, but you haven't been sober for more than a year. (
ad hominem tu quoque)

Proof:
Identify the attack and show that the character or circumstances of the person
has nothing to do with the truth or falsity of the proposition being defended.

作者 mchotdicku (mchotdicku? ) 看板 politics
標題 Re: 反軍購木馬啟動 台奸出櫃現形
時間 Fri Sep 24 22:48:11 2004

幹譙提出某個論點的人,卻不是幹譙該論點本身

這種攻擊通常有不同形式,例如對手的人格,國籍或是宗教信仰

這種攻擊亦可能換成另外一種方式,像是,指出對手是為了作出有利的結論而採取某種特定的立場,最後一個可能方式,就是質疑對手的陣營或是他所屬的組織團體

對人不對事;to the man(辱罵); 論證時攻擊的不是主張,而是攻擊提出該主張的某人

對人不對事(間接推測的): 論證時攻擊的不是某個主張,而是指出,提出該主張的個人和其所屬環境之關聯

對人不對事 (反駁指控;"你麻同款"!;you too): 這種形式的攻擊指出對象沒有履行他所鼓吹的論點

舉例:
你可能辯稱上帝並不存在,但是你只是跟隨(無神論的)潮流罷了.(對人不對事的貶抑)

關於Kleing首相對於課稅的評論,我們最好打一點折扣,因為課稅的增加對他來說根本沒有造成損失(對人不對事的間接推測貶抑)

我們最好不要去鳥B.C.股份有限公司的論點,因為他們自己就是由伐木企業所資助的公司.(對人不對事的間接推測貶抑)

你說我不應該喝酒,但是你自己根本就醉茫茫了一整年!(對人不對事的反駁對手也是一樣)

破解:

找出該類的攻擊,並且表明
企圖証實一個人所提的某個論點的是非對錯
用不著把他的人格還有其所屬環境扯進來
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自己也常犯這樣的錯誤..